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ASTM D4516-2000(2010) 反渗透性能数据的标准化的标准实施规程

作者:标准资料网 时间:2024-05-15 07:48:11  浏览:8078   来源:标准资料网
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【英文标准名称】:StandardPracticeforStandardizingReverseOsmosisPerformanceData
【原文标准名称】:反渗透性能数据的标准化的标准实施规程
【标准号】:ASTMD4516-2000(2010)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2000
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D19.08
【标准类型】:(Practice)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:Brackishwater/brines;Dataanalysis--water;Flowandflowrate--water;Performance--wateranalysisequipment;Permeation;Reverseosmosis(RO)installations;Salts;Seawater(natural/synthetic);Standardizationtest
【摘要】:DuringtheoperationofanROsystem,systemconditionssuchaspressure,temperature,conversion,andfeedconcentrationcanvary,causingpermeateflowandsaltpassagetochange.Toeffectivelyevaluatesystemperformance,itisnecessarytocomparepermeateflowandsaltpassagedataatthesameconditions.Sincedatamaynotalwaysbeobtainedatthesameconditions,itisnecessarytoconverttheROdataobtainedatactualconditionstoasetofselectedconstantconditions,therebystandardizingthedata.ThispracticegivestheproceduretostandardizeROdata.Thispracticecanbeusedforbothspiralwoundandhollowfibersystems.Thispracticecanbeusedforasingleelementoramulti-elementsystem.However,iftheROsystemisbrinestaged,thatis,thebrinefromonegroupofROdevicesisthefeedtoasecondgroupofROdevices,standardizethepermeateflowandsaltpassageforeachstageseparately.Thispracticeisapplicableforreverseosmosissystemswithhighrejectionsandwithnosignificantleaksbetweenthefeed-brineandpermeatestreams.1.1Thispracticecoversthestandardizationofpermeateflowandsaltpassagedataforreverseosmosis(RO)systems.1.2Thispracticeisapplicabletowatersincludingbrackishwatersandseawatersbutisnotnecessarilyapplicabletowastewaters.1.3ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasstandard.Nootherunitsofmeasurementareincludedinthisstandard.1.4Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
【中国标准分类号】:G04
【国际标准分类号】:71_120_99
【页数】:3P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语


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【英文标准名称】:Informationtechnology-Multimediaframework(MPEG-21)-Part1:Vision,TechnologiesandStrategy
【原文标准名称】:信息技术.多媒体框架(MPEG-21).第1部分:展望、技术和策略
【标准号】:ISO/IECTR21000-1-2004
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:国际
【发布日期】:2004-11
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:国际标准化组织(IX-ISO)
【起草单位】:ISO/IECJTC1/SC29
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:信息技术;信息交换;视频信号;编码;图像处理;多媒体;数据处理;定义;代码表示;MPEG;尺寸;计算机制图
【英文主题词】:Codedrepresentation;Computergraphics;Dataprocessing;Definition;Definitions;Encoding;Formats;Imageprocessing;Informationinterchange;Informationtechnology;MPEG;Multimedia;Videosignals
【摘要】:1.1IntroductionMPEG-21willprovideanover-archingframeworkwithinwhichmanyelementsofmultimediaarebroughttogether.Inparticular,codedrepresentationsofcontentwillbejuxtaposedwithmetadatadescriptorsandtheIntellectualPropertyManagementandProtection(IPMP)protectionthatapplytothecontent.Thisleadstoarequirementfortoolsthatcancreateandmaintain(e.g.detectorextract)anassociationbetweencontent,metadataandIPMPelementswithinMPEG-21.Toolsbasedonthetechniquesknownas“watermarking”and“fingerprinting”offerameanstoformassociationsbetweenmultimediaelementsandtherelatedinformation,wherethatassociationcanbedirectlyembeddedwithinorinferredfromthecontentitself.Furthermore,toolsbasedonwatermarkingandfingerprintingallowsuchinferencestopersistinthefaceofadaptationofthecontent.SuchtoolsaretermedPersistentAssociationTechnologies(PAT)andwithinMPEG-21thereisaneedtoassessandevaluatethesetools.ThisreportsetsoutaprocessandplanforevaluatingPAT.ItdoesnotprovideinformationonhowtonormativelyinterpretresultsoftestsconductedinaccordancewiththisTechnicalReportastheselectionofasetofspecificevaluationproceduresdependsontheapplicationscenario.ThisTechnicalReportfocusesontheevaluationoftwoclassesoftechnology:watermarksandfingerprints(seeDefinitionsinSubclause2.1)whenappliedtoAudiocontent.ItisexpectedthatthescopeofthisTechnicalReportwillbeenhancedinfuturetocoverothermediatypesincludingvideo,stillpicturesandtext.ThisTechnicalReportdescribesevaluationmethodologiesforonlysomeofthecharacteristicsofthesetechnologies.Inparticular,itdoesnotattempttodefinemethodologiesforevaluatingtheresistanceofthesetechnologiestodeliberateattackontheassociation.FurtherdetailiscontainedinClause7.1.2BackgroundtoISO/IECTR21000-11RecognisingthatthestandardisationofPersistentAssociationTechnologies(PAT)isnotcurrentlythoughttobeviableinthecontextofMPEG-21andthewiderinternationalstandardisationcommunity,ISO/IECJTC1/SC29/WG11(MPEG)examinedoptionswhichwouldallowittoassisttheadoptionofPATbyindustry.AcallforRequirementsonPATwasissuedandgeneratednumerousresponses.TheanalysisoftheseresponseshasallowedWG11tounderstandthecharacteristicsofPATthatmayberequired.ThisanalysisalsoshowedbothaneedandapossibilitytoestablishaconsensusapproachtotheEvaluationofsuchtechnologieswhichwouldbeusefulinselectingappropriatetechnologiesforparticularapplications.1.3OrganisationoftheDocumentISO/IEC21000-11containsnineclauses.Clauses1and2setoutthescopeofthisTechnicalReport,providedefinitionfortermsandalistofabbreviationsusedandnotused.Clause3thenfamiliarisesthereaderfourdifferentpersistentassociationtechnologyparadigmsbyprovidingareferencearchitectureforeachofthediscussedPATparadigms1).Clauses4and5containshortusecasescenariosforhowtousePersistentAssociationTechnologies,andhowtoevaluatesuchtechnologies.Clause6thenliststhesevencharacteristicparametersofPATthatcanbeusedtoevaluatesuchtechnologies.BeforethemaindiscussionontheevaluationmethodologyisdiscussedinClause8,Clause7containsadiscussiononissuessuchassecurityandmaliciousattacks.
【中国标准分类号】:L81
【国际标准分类号】:35_040
【页数】:38P;A4
【正文语种】:英语


【英文标准名称】:PersonalAlertSafetySystems(PASS)
【原文标准名称】:私人安全警报系统(PASS)
【标准号】:ANSI/NFPA1982-1998
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:1998
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国国家标准学会(ANSI)
【起草单位】:ANSI
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:消防;安全工程;安全系统
【英文主题词】:Firefighting;Safetyengineering;Safetysystems
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:C84
【国际标准分类号】:13_220_10
【页数】:
【正文语种】:英语



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